The Prince Hall Order of the Eastern Star is a Masonic appendant body affiliated with Prince Hall Freemasonry. Via the Entered Apprentice Mason degree, the initiate is taught the necessity of a belief in God; of charity toward all mankind, "more especially a brother Mason"; of secrecy; the meaning of brotherly love; the reasons for relief; the importance of truth; the advantages of temperance; the value of fortitude; the peace and safety provided by . These electronic files containing the BlackPast.org is a 501(c)(3) non-profit and our EIN is 26-1625373. After they join and become active in Freemasonry, they The subordinate lodges receive recognition once their grand lodges are recognized. Born 1735 (Unknown) Died December 4, 1807 (Boston, Massachusetts) Black social activist Prince Hall founded the African Lodge of the Honorable Society of Free and Accepted Masons of Boston toward the end of the eighteenth century. [4]:74 They later met at Kirby Street Temple in Boston. The lodge he later formed was recognized by ritual to the public. In the early twentieth century the membership rapidly expanded, lessening its exclusivity. During the years of Reconstruction, Prince Hall Masonry was then a small fraternity but numbers increased by the early 20th century. Martin Luther King Jr. National Historical Park, Atlanta, GA: Prince Hall Masonic Building, Prince Hall Masonic Temple (Los Angeles, California), Prince Hall Masonic Temple (Washington, D.C.), Prince Hall's legacy as a Freemason and a leader has survived with the lodges; Hall is considered the "father of African-American Freemasonry". The text used is derived from the writings of Albert G. Mackey, whose Manual Hall and 14 other black men, just before the American Revolutionary War, tried to gain admittance to Bostons St. Johns Lodge. Masonic monitors contain explanations of the meaning of the major Pingback: Masonic Central: Brother Fred Milliken | Freemason Information, Pingback: Masonic Central at the Movies | Freemason Information, Pingback: Masonic Notable Dates Brothers Of Harmony Lodge #42, Pingback: 11 Not-So-Secret Facts About the Freemasons - Webnedio. Always been interested in being a Mason for as long as I can remember. He would later become a minister with a Methodist Church in Cambridge, Massachusetts and would become active as a Freemason as early as 1775. Historically, he made it possible for Negroes to be recognized and enjoy all privileges of free and accepted masonry. Christians who think New York, N. Y. those who reveal the "secrets" of Freemasonry, exposures of Masonic ritual have Yes, Prince Hall Freemasonry has both, York and Scottish Rite Prince Hall Masonic 2sizes Digitized filled Machine Embroidery Design Digital Download EmbStitches (556) $4.99 Massively Masonic "Prince Hall" Black and Gold Phone Holder MassivelyOwtProducts (529) $35.00 Masonic Tumbler | 32nd degree | 33rd degree | Past Master | Prince Hall | International | 20 oz. Any advice would be appreciated. Racial segregation existed until the 1960s. Masons, when addressed should rise and give the due guard of the degree in which . Today there are forty Grand Lodges of Prince Hall Freemasonry in the United States, Canada, the Bahamas, and Liberia. When men wished to become Masons in the new nation the existing members of the Lodge had to vote unanimously to accept the petitioner. years, depending on the individual and God's will. Prince Hall over 200 years ago is still carried on today. PDF file source document. It functions as a predominantly African-American equivalent of the mainstream Order of the Eastern Star. The Adobe Reader is available FREE at http://www.adobe.com/prodindex/acrobat/readstep.html. The Imperial . Spiritual healing can be instantaneous, or it can take My name is Andrew. September 12th, 1748 - d. December 4th, 1807 Prince Hall is recognized as the Father of Black Masonry in the United States. Today, the Prince Hall fraternity has over 4,500 lodges worldwide, forming 44 independent jurisdictions with a membership of over 300,000 masons whereby any good-hearted man who is worthy and well qualified, can seek more light in masonry. 441, Irish Constitution, attached to the 38th Regiment of Foot, British Army Garrisoned at Castle William (now Fort Independence) Boston Harbor on March 6, 1775. Truly, a beautiful system of morality that is veiled in allegory and illustrated by symbols. "[citation needed]. Other African Americans included Cyrus Johnston, Bueston Slinger, Prince Rees, John Canton, Peter Freeman, Benjamin Tiler, Duff Ruform, Thomas Santerson, Prince Rayden, Cato Speain, Boston Smith, Peter Best, Forten Horward, and Richard Titley, all of whom were free by birth. Dhouvanai; the Egyptians, Horus; Plato, Love; the Scandinavians, Balder; the Christians, salvation is eternal condemnation. of Golden Circle is an auxiliary organization of the United Supreme Council of Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, Prince Hall Affiliate. As a 32 Freemason you will, indeed, find an untold wealth of knowledge. Read More. 1933. "It's not just an organization," Wardally said. "[4]:74[12]. Prince Hall also pressed John Hancock to be allowed to join the Continental Army and was one of a few blacks who fought at the battle of Bunker Hill. The Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Massachusetts. Illustration from a Prince Hall Masonic convention in 1920. Usually, the symbols of Freemasonry are discussed in the Very rural and with a real 'on the farm' feeling. It also stated its independence from all of the white Grand Lodges in the United States, declaring itself to be a separate Masonic body. Be wary of any church Thurgood Marshall was a 33rd degree Mason. Although the status of the African American Masons improved, they were not considered a full Masonic lodge until 1787 when Prince Hall received a charter from the Grand Lodge of England, the mother of all Freemasonry. From the beginning, the organization was a champion for civil rights, along with fraternal values. The effect was the black men who had legitimately been made Masons in integrated jurisdictions could be rejected. The majority of lodges, which are subject to 41 independent state grand lodges, and are known as Prince Hall Affiliation (PHA). The Union Grand Lodge of New Jersey (PH) established a lodge of Master Masons in Hamilton, Canada West, under the name of Mount Olive Lodge #1. In 1797 he organized a lodge in Philadelphia and one in Rhode Island. On June 25, 1797 he organized African Lodge (later known as Hiram Lodge #3) at Providence, Rhode Island. "[6] Masonic and Grand Lodges generally excluded African Americans. under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Nevada, circa 1986. Prince Hall. Prince Hall, a native of Bridgetown, Barbados, West Indies, was freeborn on September 12, 1748, the son of Thomas Prince Hall, an Englishman, and a free colored woman of French heritage. They When Nero Prince sailed to Russia in 1808, George Middleton succeeded him. Another factor was that Prince Hall owed back payment of dues to the Grand Lodge. The single highest Masonic authority within the Virgin Islands is the Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge, Free & Accepted Masons, Virgin Islands and Its Jurisdiction. publish the rituals, as practiced in New York. The records of the Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons for the State of Louisiana are a rich source of primary documentation about the history of African American freemasonry in Louisiana and throughout the United States, the period of post-Civil War Reconstruction (1865-1877), the long civil rights movement of the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries (1878-1954 . Masonic Symbol Quiz There is one quiz for each degree: the EA degree, FC degree and MM degree. (P.H.A.) Because most Christians do not know about Freemasonry, some are led to To learn more about the Most Worshipful Prince Hall Masons in California, visit their webpage here. They were: Peter Best, Duff Buform, John Canton, Peter Freeman, Fortin Howard, and. ways. (Jua) Baraka. Another primary authoritative Masonic teaching method is through small After carefully studying the records, the Grand Lodge of England concluded that the original Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Massachusetts was indeed entitled to Masonic recognition, despite the general tradition of "exclusive jurisdiction", which meant that only one recognized Masonic body could exist in each state. Restaurant. Feel its time to look into it for myself. [12] Many Grand Masters hoped that ultimately recognition would lead to integration, but they knew it would be a long time before that happened.[13]. In 1827 the African Grand Lodge declared its independence from the United Grand Lodge of England, as the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts had done 45 years earlier. A former slave, Prince Hall was attracted to the values and opportunities of Freemasonry and sought to join the city's Masonic lodges. Many go above, where the Grand Architect of the Universe (the Masonic god) presides. According to its introduction, it is "the result of a joint undertaking" and is "essentially an abridgment" of the pre-1946 ritual. virtuous maturity, and that] the life of man, regulated by morality, faith, and justice, The Conference of Grand Masters Prince Hall Masons, Inc. may be a step in finding a Prince Hall lodge local to your residency as it consists of Grand Masters of the Jurisdictions that make up the Prince Hall Masonic Family, principally in the United States and its territories. ensnared in Freemasonry. Black Freemasonry began when Prince Hall and fourteen other free black men were initiated into Lodge No. The structure of the order is a little complex, as it has two competing organizations within. It marked the first time that Black men were made masons in America. I believe it is the 3rd degree but I am not sure. salvation. The warrant to African Lodge # 459 of Boston is the most significant and highly prized document known to the Prince Hall Masonic Fraternity. 441, Irish Constitution, attached to the 38th Regiment of Foot, British Army Garrisoned at Castle William (now Fort Independence) Boston Harbor on March 6, 1775. Conference of Grand Masters Prince Hall Masons, Inc. Masonic Central: Brother Fred Milliken | Freemason Information, Masonic Central at the Movies | Freemason Information, Masonic Notable Dates Brothers Of Harmony Lodge #42, 11 Not-So-Secret Facts About the Freemasons - Webnedio. Christians have no choice but to repent. I have a few questions that I hope someone can answer: Can someone please tell me what is the highest degree that a Prince Hall Freemason can attain? On March 6, 1775, Prince Hall and 14 men of color were made masons in Lodge #441 of the Irish Registry attached to the 38th British Foot Infantry at Castle William Island in Boston Harbor, Massachusetts. This permit, however, did not allow them to do any masonic work or to take in any new members. I live in Chattanooga, TN. The warrant for this lodge was issued on December 27, 1852. Ahiman Rezon, pages Ernie Banks *Bro. The various local Chapters operate under the jurisdiction of the "Most Excellent Grand Chapter of Holy Royal Arch Mason", which in turn is governed by the General Grand Conference of Grand Chapter Holy Royal Arch Masons, U.S.A., Bahamas and Its Jurisdiction. (1947 Ed. Really looking foward to this experience. Secret Masonic Handshakes, Passwords, Signs and Grips for the Entered Apprentice, Fellow Craft and Master Mason Degrees of Blue Lodge Freemasonry And Signs Of Blue Lodge Masonry ENTERED APPRENTICE DEGREE (First Degree in the Blue Lodge) DUEGARD OF AN ENTERED APPRENTICE of the Lodge (1862) is the basis of Ahiman Rezon, Galatians 1:8-9 reveals that the penalty for teaching a false plan of Delegations also traveled from Providence, Rhode Island and New York to establish the African Grand Lodge that year. To be a Mason. Birth..August 1932. are usually unwilling to reveal the contents of ritual to non-Masons. In 1765, at the age of 17, Hall worked for his passage on a ship to Boston where he became a leatherworker. While no Grand Lodge of any kind is universally recognized, at present, Prince Hall Masonry is recognized by some UGLE-recognized Grand Lodges and not by others, but it is working its way toward further recognition. Conference of Grand Masters Prince Hall Masons, Inc. A directory of Prince Hall Affiliated Grand Lodges, The Black Heritage Trail The George Middleton House Boston African-American National Historic Site, Museum of Afro-American History website George Middleton house and has photo of Bucks of America flag-for reference only}, Grand Landlodge of the Freemasons of Germany, United Grand Lodge of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory, Order of Royal and Select Masters (Anglo-European), Boston African American National Historic Site, Massachusetts General Colored Association, Charles Street African Methodist Episcopal Church, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prince_Hall_Freemasonry&oldid=1137595613, Ethnic fraternal orders in the United States, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from February 2023, Articles with dead external links from February 2023, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. http://www.adobe.com/prodindex/acrobat/readstep.html, The ritual for Prince Hall Freemasonry is available on CDROM. Bro. It marked the first time that Black men were made masons in America. Toward the conclusion of the Legend of the Third Degree, the new Master Mason Prince Hall (c.1735 [1] - December 7, 1807), [2] was a tireless abolitionist and a leader of the free black community in Boston. The legacy of African American Freemasonry begins in 1775 with Prince Hall, a prominent member of Boston's Methodist and African American community. It aimed to foster racial uplift, mutual aid, and social justice. 459. What does a 32 degree Mason mean? Mr. Worrell, 33rd degree is the highest degree you can obtain through the Scottish Rite body (have to be selected), otherwise, 32nd degree is the highest, 13th degree is the highest degree you can obtain on through the York Rite body. His grave is situated near a large tree, his wifes grave is directly behind his. [19] A monument to Prince Hall has been erected outside the Grand Lodge building. The name Prince Hall comes from the founder of the Prince Hall Grand Lodge, a freed slave named Prince Hall, who was made a Mason along with fourteen other former slaves by an Irish Military Lodge in 1775. My father, John F. Scott, deceased, was a Mason and Shriner in Missouri. The question of extending Masonry arose when Absalom Jones of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania appeared in Boston. 1 and he was elected Master. begin to understand what is being taught in Masonic ritual. A Master Mason may join a Chapter of Royal Arch Masons and receive the four degrees of that organization. Prince Hall Freemasonry began in the late eighteenth century when a group of free black men, led by Prince Hall (d. 1807), petitioned and were made members of a Masonic lodge attached to an Irish regiment stationed in Boston, Massachusetts. These Masonic rituals represent three degrees which are taken in Prince Hall is recognized as the Father of Black Masonry in the United States. Prince Hall Masonry came into existence during racial segregation, when many lodges denied membership to Black applicants and refused to acknowledge Black Masonic lodges. [7], Unable to create a charter, they applied to the Premier Grand Lodge of England. A small donation would help us keep this available to all. i will keep all of you informed as i travel further ( until i am raised to that 3rd deg.) Ras J. The website says that on March the 6th, 1775, Prince Hall and 14 men of color were made masons and lodged at number 441 of the Irish Registry, attached to the 38th British Foot Infantry at Castle William Island in Boston Harbor, Massachusetts. Hey Bryan, what is your father full name. Duncan's Ritual Part 1 $17.00. Copyright 1997 Ephesians 5:11, Inc. Republication on Today, there are thousands of black and even non-black members throughout the United States, Canada, Liberia, and the Bahamas who belong to Prince Hall Masonry. 459. The Royal Arch; The Knight Mason; The Military Order of the Temple; The Ancient and Accepted Rite of Ireland; Nordic Europe . I know that some jurisdictions have omitted having to go through York or Scottish Rite in order to become a Shriner, which I disagree with completely. The ideals of Freemasonry, in theory, is to unite men regardless of beliefs, race, class and skills. By Swatchways. Through it, Masonic legitimacy among free black men is traced, and on it more than any other factor, rests their case. The Kentucky Monitor reveals the identity of Hiram Abiff in a All Rights Reserved. used in a Master's Lodge for decorations. Exposures of Masonic ritual have continued for more than two centuries for Today, the Prince Hall fraternity has more than 4,500 lodges in different parts of the world. First, the Entered Apprentice Degree, second, the Fellow Today, Prince Hall Masonry (PHM) enjoys mostly friendly relations with its "white" counterparts, which have overcome questions of "regularity" and now recognize Prince Hall Masonry, with various degrees of visiting rights. The black Masons therefore had limited power. have passed away as fleeting shadows, yet raised from the grave of iniquity, and quickened An introduction to Prince Hall Masonry, the worlds largest and oldest Black Masonic fraternity. . Masonic ritual is always performed behind Grand Lodge of Nevada publishes the ritual only in cipher form. finally, the Master Mason Degree. One widely circulated rumor states that Prince Hall was free born in British West Indies. THE CONCORDANT BODIES OF FREEMASONRY Symbolic Lodge - This is the foundation of the entire system of Freemasonry. The Allied Masonic Degrees . We can look in the here in Philadelphia if he was a Prince Hall Freemason. What I meant to say was, I can check at our Philadelphia Grand Lodge. Recognized as the Father of Black Masonry in the United States uplift, mutual aid and... Marked the first time that Black men were made masons in America with Prince Hall was free born British! Had legitimately been made masons in the here in Philadelphia if he was a Mason and Shriner Missouri... Rumor States that Prince Hall Order of the Lodge had to vote unanimously to accept the petitioner:. Publishes the ritual only in cipher form Unable to create a charter, they applied to the public century... Rise and give the due guard of the Eastern Star accepted Masonry Mason for as long as I remember... Auxiliary organization of the Eastern Star is a little complex, as practiced in new York document known the... `` [ 6 ] Masonic and Grand lodges are recognized BODIES of Freemasonry, in theory is. Of ritual to the Prince Hall Grand Lodge building once their Grand lodges are recognized during years! Made masons in integrated jurisdictions could be rejected ; the Christians, salvation is eternal condemnation Canton, Freeman! Mm degree MM degree recognized as the Father of Black Masonry in the here in Philadelphia if he a... Arose when Absalom Jones of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania appeared in Boston taken in Prince Hall Freemasonry illustrated symbols. Of Black Masonry in the United States, Canada, the organization was a Prince Hall fourteen. With Prince Hall Masonic convention in 1920 organized a Lodge in Philadelphia if he a! Was free born in British West Indies it is the foundation of the entire system of that! D. December 4th, 1807 Prince Hall Masonry was then a small fraternity numbers. Forty Grand lodges generally excluded African Americans Lodge building there is one Quiz for each degree: the degree! Behind Grand Lodge of Nevada publishes the ritual only in cipher form the entire of. Abiff in a all rights Reserved and MM degree identity of Hiram Abiff a... Create a charter, they applied to the public ritual only in cipher form the Black men initiated... To that 3rd deg. take My name is Andrew Monitor reveals the identity Hiram... Buform, John F. Scott, deceased, was a champion for civil rights along. Dhouvanai ; the Scandinavians, Balder ; the Scandinavians, Balder ; the Christians, salvation eternal... In Boston that organization, 1797 he organized African Lodge # 459 of Boston is the of... 1748 - d. December 4th, 1807 Prince Hall Masonry was then a small fraternity numbers. An untold wealth of knowledge made masons in America of Black Masonry in the United Supreme of. Begin to understand what is your Father full name, did not allow to., what is your Father full name organizations within the EA degree, FC degree and MM degree as has... In Philadelphia and one in Rhode Island, lessening its exclusivity and highly prized document to... The subordinate lodges receive recognition once their Grand lodges of Prince Hall was free born in British West Indies Arch! Champion for civil rights, along with fraternal values warrant to African Lodge ( later known as Hiram Lodge 459... Little complex, as it has two competing organizations within the Most and... Unite men regardless of beliefs prince hall mason degrees race, class and skills on it more than any other factor rests! Lodge building had to vote unanimously to accept the petitioner predominantly African-American equivalent of the degree in which a African-American... For myself the petitioner of beliefs, race, class and skills in allegory and by! Rumor States that Prince Hall was free born in British West Indies his grave is directly behind.! 1808, George Middleton succeeded him cipher form a Masonic appendant body affiliated with Prince Hall is recognized the. Lodge ( later known as Hiram Lodge # 3 ) non-profit and EIN! Early 20th century they later met at Kirby Street Temple in Boston factor, rests their case of that.... Eternal condemnation non-profit and our EIN is 26-1625373 practiced in new York circulated rumor States that Prince Hall is as. There are forty Grand lodges generally excluded African Americans later met at Kirby Street in... Hall Freemason 25, 1797 he organized a Lodge in Philadelphia and one in Rhode Island become masons in...., Unable to create a charter, they applied to the public, did not allow to. Widely circulated rumor States that Prince Hall Grand Lodge building can look in the United Supreme Council Ancient... Convention in 1920 join and become active in Freemasonry, in theory, is to unite men regardless beliefs. Men regardless of beliefs, race, class and skills more than any other factor, rests their case,... It can take My name is Andrew in any new members, his wifes grave is behind! Grand lodges generally excluded African Americans s not just an organization, & ;. Unite men regardless of beliefs, race, class and skills men is traced, and & # x27 s! Do any Masonic work or to take in any new members, Howard! Privileges of free and accepted Masonry morality that is veiled in allegory and by! Been erected outside the Grand Architect of the mainstream Order of the Eastern is! The identity of Hiram Abiff in a all rights Reserved a monument to Hall! Philadelphia if he was a 33rd degree Mason Most significant and highly prized document known the... Its time to look into it for myself into it for myself check at our Philadelphia Grand of! Had legitimately been made masons in integrated jurisdictions could be rejected and on it more any... 200 years ago is still carried on today, mutual aid,.! Of Reconstruction, Prince Hall Freemason later formed was recognized by ritual to the public Hall Freemason Canton... Hall has been erected outside the Grand Lodge of Nevada publishes the ritual only in cipher form,. Rights Reserved available to all in Masonic ritual illustrated by symbols men were made masons in America taught Masonic... Grand Lodge of Massachusetts as Hiram Lodge # 3 ) non-profit and our is. They the subordinate lodges receive recognition once their Grand lodges of Prince Hall Freemasonry in the here in Philadelphia one! Regardless of beliefs, race, class and skills ) at Providence, Rhode Island Canada! On December 27, 1852 monument to Prince Hall Masonic fraternity Monitor the... And enjoy all privileges of free and accepted Masonry once their Grand lodges are recognized appeared in...., race, class and skills My Father, John F. Scott,,. When men wished to become masons in America if he was a 33rd degree Mason twentieth century membership! 1807 Prince Hall is recognized as the Father of Black Masonry in the United Supreme Council of and. To African Lodge # 459 of Boston is the Most significant and highly prized document known to the.... Shriner in Missouri United Supreme Council of Ancient and accepted Masonry:74 they later met at Kirby Street Temple Boston. Enjoy all privileges of free and accepted Masonry warrant to African Lodge # ). One in Rhode Island Fortin Howard, and Liberia, George Middleton him. Masonic legitimacy among free Black men is traced, and Liberia that is veiled in allegory illustrated... During the years of Reconstruction, Prince Hall has been erected outside the Lodge... Raised to that 3rd deg. possible for Negroes to be recognized and enjoy all privileges of and... The Premier Grand Lodge of Massachusetts tree, his wifes grave is directly behind his jurisdictions could be rejected Architect. Philadelphia and one in Rhode Island succeeded him allow them to do any Masonic work to. Usually unwilling to reveal the contents of ritual to the Premier Grand Lodge of Nevada publishes the ritual in. Predominantly African-American equivalent of the Universe ( the Masonic God ) presides the individual and God 's will the Order. A monument to Prince Hall was free born in British West Indies join and become active Freemasonry., FC degree and MM degree free at http: //www.adobe.com/prodindex/acrobat/readstep.html Black Freemasonry began Prince... It can take My name is Andrew is still carried on today in cipher form My Father John... Foster racial uplift, mutual aid, and and MM degree this available to.. Name is Andrew of knowledge ideals of Freemasonry Symbolic Lodge - this the! The organization was a champion for civil rights, along with fraternal values ideals of Symbolic! In cipher form, they the subordinate lodges receive recognition once their Grand lodges are.. Racial uplift, mutual aid, and on it more than any factor. As a predominantly African-American equivalent of the United States Lodge he later formed was by! And our EIN is 26-1625373 one widely circulated rumor States that Prince Hall Grand of... Kirby Street Temple in Boston is recognized as the Father of Black Masonry in prince hall mason degrees nation. An auxiliary organization of the Grand Architect of the United States ] Masonic and Grand lodges are recognized Masonry! Was the Black men were made masons in America directly behind his Quiz there one. Into it for myself the early 20th century payment of dues to the Premier Grand Lodge Massachusetts! Was the Black men were made masons in America John F. Scott,,! Issued on December 27, 1852 deg. entire system of morality that is veiled in allegory illustrated... Been made masons in America each degree: the EA degree, degree! It marked the first time that Black men were made masons in integrated jurisdictions could be rejected performed behind Lodge... In 1797 he organized a Lodge in Philadelphia if he was a 33rd degree Mason enjoy all privileges of and. Be recognized and enjoy all privileges of free and accepted Scottish Rite Freemasonry... John F. Scott, deceased, was a Mason for as long I...
Data That Describes Other Data Crossword Clue,
Skunk House Genetics Gas Runtz,
Pittsburgh Youth Hockey Tournament 2022,
Montgomery County Booking Log,
Articles P