Though it is always in existence, the College is not as a result permanently engaged in strictly collegial activity; the Church's Tradition makes this clear. Magnificate Dominum, 2 nov. 1954: AAS 46 (1954) p. 669. For this reason, in reply to Modus 12 it is expressly said of the Twelve that the Lord set them up "as a college or stable group." (10) Cfr. 1836 (3070) no. 47. Likewise, the holiness of the Church is fostered in a special way by the observance of the counsels proposed in the Gospel by Our Lord to His disciples. 66. Encycl. (290), 58. 582-583. Annus sacer, 8 dec. 1950, AAS 43 (1951) p. 27 s. Pius XII, Cons. Mc 16,15). (17) S. Ambrosius, Epist. The word "functions [munera]" is used deliberately instead of the word "powers [potestates]," because the latter word could be understood as a power fully ready to act. 2: col. 357. In the first place, the shepherds of Christ's flock must holily and eagerly, humbly and courageously carry out their ministry, in imitation of the eternal high Priest, the Shepherd and Guardian of our souls. The Lord Jesus set it on its course by preaching the Good News, that is, the coming of the Kingdom of God, which, for centuries, had been promised in the Scriptures: "The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand"(18). Benedictus XV, Decretum approbationis virtutum in Causa beatificationis et canonizationis Servi Dei Ioannis Nepomuecni Neumann: AAS 14 (1922 p. 23; plures Allocutiones Pii X de Sanetis: Inviti all'croismo Diseorsi t. I-III, Romae 1941-1942, passim; Pius XII, Discorsi Radiomessagi, t. 10, 1949, pp 37-43. Encycl. Now the laity are called in a special way to make the Church present and operative in those places and circumstances where only through them can it become the salt of the earth (2*). Therefore, let the laity devotedly strive to acquire a more profound grasp of revealed truth, and let them insistently beg of God the gift of wisdom. Vat. "For just as in one body we have many members, yet all the members have not the same function, so we, the many, are one body in Christ, but severally members one of another". All these things, however, were done by way of preparation and as a figure of that new and perfect covenant, which was to be ratified in Christ, and of that fuller revelation which was to be given through the Word of God Himself made flesh. (64), From Him "the whole body, supplied and built up by joints and ligaments, attains a growth that is of God". Botte, Sources Chr., pp. "God is love, and he who abides in love, abides in God and God in Him". Sous la maternelle protecrion, 9 dec. l9S7: AAS 50 (19S8) p. 39 s. (1) Conc. I: Mansi S2,1 109 C. (28) Cfr. (2) Cfr. 61. Cfr. (215) However, this holiness of the Church is unceasingly manifested, and must be manifested, in the fruits of grace which the Spirit produces in the faithful; it is expressed in many ways in individuals, who in their walk of life, tend toward the perfection of charity, thus causing the edification of others; in a very special way this (holiness) appears in the practice of the counsels, customarily called "evangelical." (62) For this reason we, who have been made to conform with Him, who have died with Him and risen with Him, are taken up into the mysteries of His life, until we will reign together with Him. (23) Cfr. (18*) For in the mystery of the Church, which is itself rightly called mother and virgin, the Blessed Virgin stands out in eminent and singular fashion as exemplar both of virgin and mother. Mediator Dei, 1. c., sub. A great many wonderful things are to be hoped for from this familiar dialogue between the laity and their spiritual leaders: in the laity a strengthened sense of personal responsibility; a renewed enthusiasm; a more ready application of their talents to the projects of their spiritual leaders. (15*) They are consecrated by baptism, in which they are united with Christ. Tuas libener: Denz. Trid., Sess. V. Mary the sign of created hope and solace to the wandering people of God. I Orient., c. 216-314: de Patriarchis; c. 324-399: de Archiepiscopis I maioribus; c. 362-391: de aliis dignitariis; in specie, c. 238 3; 216; 240; 251; 255: de Episcopis a Patriarch nominandis. n. 22, end of 1 1. Six ans se sont ecoules, 5 oct. l9S7: AAS 49 (19S7) p. 927. Lc. In all of Christ's disciples the Spirit arouses the desire to be peacefully united, in the manner determined by Christ, as one flock under one shepherd, and He prompts them to pursue this end. 1712l (3011). Encycl Divinum illud, 9 maii 1897: AAS 29 (1896-97) p. 6S0. It is through the Church that we encounter Christ, so it is through the Church that we realize our vocation, our meaning and our innermost truth. Answers to the Most Common Objections Against Sedevacantism The Holy See de I reform., Sess. 693 (1305). But for this power to be fully ready to act, there must be a further canonical or juridical determination through the hierarchical authority. S. Bonaventura, Opusc. in dorm. Pius XII, Litt. Through their baptism and confirmation all are commissioned to that apostolate by the Lord Himself. Decr., p. 8. S. Ignatius M. Smyrn 8, 1: ed. 165 (353). SS, 24: Hartel, p. 642, line. (6) Cfr. Hom. 36. He is the head of the Body which is the Church. Incorporated in the Church through baptism, the faithful are destined by the baptismal character for the worship of the Christian religion; reborn as sons of God they must confess before men the faith which they have received from God through the Church (4*). III, 3, 1; PG 7, 848 A; Harvey 2, 8; Sagnard, p. 100 s.: manifestatam. Hom. DN THIN CHA; . The faithful, therefore, must learn the deepest meaning and the value of all creation, as well as its role in the harmonious praise of God. p. 504. II-II, q. Indeed, in order that love, as good seed may grow and bring forth fruit in the soul, each one of the faithful must willingly hear the Word of God and accept His Will, and must complete what God has begun by their own actions with the help of God's grace. (49) Cfr. I, ib. VII 5, 2: GCS 11, 2, p. 638 s.; Bardy, II, p. 168 s. (24) Cfr. ctiam Ven. Basing itself upon Sacred Scripture and Tradition, it teaches that the Church, now sojourning on earth as an exile, is necessary for salvation. (284) Likewise she is the Virgin who shall conceive and bear a son, whose name will be called Emmanuel. Funk, I, p. 264. ecl., V, 24, 10: GCS II, 1, p. 49S; cd. Summary Introduction The primary statement of Lumen Gentium's introduction is that it intends to proceed "following faithfully the teaching of previous councils."(LG, 1) Chapter 1 - The Mystery of the Church The Church is endowed with the Holy Spirit and was constituted by Christ in the present era. For besides intimately linking them to His life and His mission, He also gives them a sharing in His priestly function of offering spiritual worship for the glory of God and the salvation of men. This religious submission of mind and will must be shown in a special way to the authentic magisterium of the Roman Pontiff, even . Marc. 39. (117) It was for this purpose that God sent His Son, whom He appointed heir of all things,(118) that be might be teacher, king and priest of all, the head of the new and universal people of the sons of God. Pius XII, Litt. 3, 14; 4, 27 et 30;Hebr. Christ is the light of nations. Alloc. As the assumed nature inseparably united to Him, serves the divine Word as a living organ of salvation, so, in a similar way, does the visible social structure of the Church serve the Spirit of Christ, who vivifies it, in the building up of the body. May the goods of this world be more equitably distributed among all men, and may they in their own way be conducive to universal progress in human and Christian freedom. Bishops, as successors of the apostles, receive from the Lord, to whom was given all power in heaven and on earth, the mission to teach all nations and to preach the Gospel to every creature, so that all men may attain to salvation by faith, baptism and the fulfilment of the commandments. Finally it clearly shows all men both the unsurpassed breadth of the strength of Christ the King and the infinite power of the Holy Spirit marvelously working in the Church. Deiparae: PG 98, 328 A; In Dorm. Nicaenum, I can. Some indeed He has strengthened to the extent of the shedding of their blood. 960 (1768); Conc. (1) Cfr. Christ, the one Mediator, established and continually sustains here on earth His holy Church, the community of faith, hope and charity, as an entity with visible delineation (9*) through which He communicated truth and grace to all. Pius XI, Litt. 16 January 2005. Conc. 1 et 5. 1826 (3059). 60. . Pius XII Litt. An additional norm of this sort is required by the very nature of the case, because it involves functions [munera] which must be exercised by many subjects cooperating in a hierarchical manner in accordance with Christ's will. Nicaenum II, anno 787: Mansi 13. However, it is not understood as some kind of vague disposition, but as an organic reality which requires a juridical form and is animated by charity. S. Io. (53) In this way all of us are made members of His Body,(54) "but severally members one of another". Thus the divinely established ecclesiastical ministry is exercised on different levels by those who from antiquity have been called bishops, priests and deacons. On account of this sharing in their priesthood and mission, let priests sincerely look upon the bishop as their father and reverently obey him. 15:28). Pius XII Litt. 839. S. Germanus Const., Nom. Modus 84. Pius XII, Litt Encyl. (8*) Thus, as St. Irenaeus testifies, through those who were appointed bishops by the apostles, and through their successors down in our own time, the apostolic tradition is manifested (9*) and preserved. Satis cognitum, 1. c., p. 713. C. Butler, Cambridge 1898 (1904). By this same sacramental grace, they are given the courage necessary to lay down their lives for their sheep, and the ability of promoting greater holiness in the Church by their daily example, having become a pattern for their flock.(224). Mystici Corporis, 1. c., pp 219-220; Denz. In this temporal service, they will manifest to all men the love with which God loved the world. By Vivian Boland O.P. 152-153. (94) So it is that that messianic people, although it does not actually include all men, and at times may look like a small flock, is nonetheless a lasting and sure seed of unity, hope and salvation for the whole human race. Cfr. Mystici Corporis: AAS 35 (1943) p. 216. Conc. Vat. God gathered together as one all those who in faith look upon Jesus as the author of salvation and the source of unity and peace, and established them as the Church that for each and all it may be the visible sacrament of this saving unity. 1653 1654 (2823-2825); responsioner S.S.C.S. (5) Cfr. 6. 68. 35, De invocatione, veneratione et reliquiis Sanctorum et sacris imaginibus: Denz. : Denz. Whatever good or truth is found amongst them is looked upon by the Church as a preparation for the Gospel. (180) For the sick and the sinners among the faithful, they exercise the ministry of alleviation and reconciliation and they present the needs and the prayers of the faithful to God the Father. Conc. VIII: The Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, in the Mys tery of Christ & of the Church (52-69) -Preface (52-54) a. Mary's relation to Christ in the divine plan of redemptive Incarnation (52) 1) God revealed that to save us He sent His Son "born of a woman" (Gal 4:4f) (159)(28*) This college, insofar as it is composed of many, expresses the variety and universality of the People of God, but insofar as it is assembled under one head, it expresses the unity of the flock of Christ. In like manner the Episcopal bodies of today are in a position to render a manifold and fruitful assistance, so that this collegiate feeling may be put into practical application. ROME, NOV. 4, 2004 (Zenit) - Nov. 21 will mark 40 years since the promulgation by Pope Paul VI of the Second Vatican Council's dogmatic constitution, "Lumen Gentium." To better understand the way in which this document was written, we interviewed Jesuit Father Peter Gumpel, who collaborated day by day in the . October 2012 is the 50 th Anniversary of the opening of the Second Vatican Council.Pope Benedict XVI declared October 11, 2012 until November 24, 2013 a Year of Faith.He said: It will be a moment of grace and commitment to a more complete conversion to God, to strengthen 46 (47) 2: PG 58, 78, de fermento in massa. (42) Cfr. Thus these religious are able to tranquilly fulfill and faithfully observe their religious profession and so spiritually rejoicing make progress on the road of charity. Associated with their bishop in a spirit of trust and generosity, they make him present in a certain sense in the individual local congregations, and take upon themselves, as far as they are able, his duties and the burden of his care, and discharge them with a daily interest. 2 C (in fine); II-II, q. 5, ad 1. Extraordinary gifts are not to be sought after, nor are the fruits of apostolic labor to be presumptuously expected from their use; but judgment as to their genuinity and proper use belongs to those who are appointed leaders in the Church, to whose special competence it belongs, not indeed to extinguish the Spirit, but to test all things and hold fast to that which is good. When we look at the lives of those who have faithfully followed Christ, we are inspired with a new reason for seeking the City that is to come (274) and at the same time we are shown a most safe path by which among the vicissitudes of this world, in keeping with the state in life and condition proper to each of us, we will be able to arrive at perfect union with Christ, that is, perfect holiness. Epist. By so doing they will imbue culture and human activity with genuine moral values; they will better prepare the field of the world for the seed of the Word of God; and at the same time they will open wider the doors of the Church by which the message of peace may enter the world. Thus are fulfilled the words of God, spoken through His prophet: "From the rising of the sun until the going down thereof my name is great among the gentiles, and in every place a clean oblation is sacrificed and offered up in my name". Funk, Didascalia, I, p. 530. For we must all "practice the truth in love, and so grow up in all things in Him who is head, Christ. Pius XI, Litt. (298) The maternal duty of Mary toward men in no wise obscures or diminishes this unique mediation of Christ, but rather shows His power. They were further commanded by the apostles and Fathers of the Church, as well as by the doctors and pastors of souls. 2, 20; Apoc. (45) Gasser, ib. 2288 (3808).S. (1) Cfr. But they are by reason of their particular vocation especially and professedly ordained to the sacred ministry. Therefore, from divine choice the laity have Christ for their brothers who though He is the Lord of all, came not to be served but to serve. virg. I, ess. 184, a. Eph. (5) Cfr. Encycl. Relatio officialis Zinelli, in Conc. Apost. Deiparae: PG 86 (2), 3277-3312. 35. The pope promulgated the document on November 21, 1964, during the third year of the council. Ordinis, cap. 63 Cf. 1, 26: PL 23, 247 A. S. Augustinus, In Ps. S. Thomas, Summa Theol. (122) This characteristic of universality which adorns the people of God is a gift from the Lord Himself. Pius XII, Alloc. Encycl Mystici Corporis, 29 iun. This must be admitted of necessity so that the fullness of power belonging to the Roman Pontiff is not called into question. Conc. (126) But the plan of salvation also includes those who acknowledge the Creator. All priests, and especially those who are called "diocesan priests," due to the special title of their ordination, should keep continually before their minds the fact that their faithful loyalty toward and their generous cooperation with their bishop is of the greatest value in their growth in holiness. Wishing in His supreme goodness and wisdom to effect the redemption of the world, "when the fullness of time came, God sent His Son, born of a womanthat we might receive the adoption of sons". Iconocl. Cf. Lumen gentium, the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, is one of the principal documents of the Second Vatican Council. Read more. In such a home husbands and wives find their proper vocation in being witnesses of the faith and love of Christ to one another and to their children. He does this not only through the hierarchy who teach in His name and with His authority, but also through the laity whom He made His witnesses and to whom He gave understanding of the faith (sensu fidei) and an attractiveness in speech(200) so that the power of the Gospel might shine forth in their daily social and family life. 2; Smyrn. Lumen gentium 16 fits into a totally different context. (207) Now Christ has communicated this royal power to His disciples that they might be constituted in royal freedom and that by true penance and a holy life they might conquer the reign of sin in themselves. Still further, some become subject of their own accord to another man, in the matter of perfection for love of God. His Mother indeed kept these things to be pondered over in her heart. Pius XII, Litt. (54) Cfr. Mystici Corporis, 29 iun. (268) Therefore the union of the wayfarers with the brethren who have gone to sleep in the peace of Christ is not in the least weakened or interrupted, but on the contrary, according to the perpetual faith of the Church, is strengthened by communication of spiritual goods. St. Augustine puts this very beautifully when he says: "What I am for you terrifies me; what I am with you consoles me. For it is the duty of all bishops to promote and to safeguard the unity of faith and the discipline common to the whole Church, to instruct the faithful to love for the whole mystical body of Christ, especially for its poor and sorrowing members and for those who are suffering persecution for justice's sake,(160) and finally to promote every activity that is of interest to the whole Church, especially that the faith may take increase and the light of full truth appear to all men. (19*) But Episcopal consecration, together with the office of sanctifying, also confers the office of teaching and of governing, which, however, of its very nature, can be exercised only in hierarchical communion with the head and the members of the college. (20) S. Ambrosius, l. c. et Expos. Cfr. Since the Supreme Pontiff is head of the College, he alone is able to perform certain actions which are not at all within the competence of the bishops, e.g., convoking the College and directing it, approving norms of action, etc. Eusebius, Hist. All the laity as a community and each one according to his ability must nourish the world with spiritual fruits. 1904: Acta, I, p. 154- Denz. 15, 296: PG 30, 637 C. (35) S. Coelestinus, Epist. By the sacred anointing of the sick and the prayer of her priests the whole Church commends the sick to the suffering and glorified Lord, asking that He may lighten their suffering and save them;(106) she exhorts them, moreover, to contribute to the welfare of the whole people of God by associating themselves freely with the passion and death of Christ. c. I Tim. The people of God have no lasting city here below, but look forward to one that is to come. S. Cyprianus, Epist. Taking part in the Eucharistic sacrifice, which is the fount and apex of the whole Christian life, they offer the Divine Victim to God, and offer themselves along with It. And this is the infallibility which the Roman Pontiff, the head of the college of bishops, enjoys in virtue of his office, when, as the supreme shepherd and teacher of all the faithful, who confirms his brethren in their faith,(166) by a definitive act he proclaims a doctrine of faith or morals. S. Augustinus, D Praed. This diversity among its members arises either by reason of their duties, as is the case with those who exercise the sacred ministry for the good of their brethren, or by reason of their condition and state of life, as is the case with those many who enter the religious state and, tending toward holiness by a narrower path, stimulate their brethren by their example. The individual bishops, who are placed in charge of particular churches, exercise their pastoral government over the portion of the People of God committed to their care, and not over other churches nor over the universal Church. Trident., sess. S. Ignatius M., Trall. (19) Cfr. But especially they are able to more fully mold the Christian man to that type of chaste and detached life, which Christ the Lord chose for Himself and which His Mother also embraced. 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