Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. Answers may vary. This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. In this activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti. Knowledge awaits. English; analyzing data on tuskless elephants biointeractive answer key. Resume watching the video until Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. biointeractive 231K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share 130K views 5 years ago Elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the. The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. 6. IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. A new professional development academy focused on growing the HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning leadership capacity in science education. Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. Typically, though, such studies focus on small creatures that have large population sizes and fast generational turnovers because changes they undergo are easier to observe in real time. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key About; Location; Menu; FAQ; Contacts Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. a. Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. 482 0 obj <>stream BioInteractive is offering free workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators. This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. All workshops are online, facilitated by Ambassadors, and include opportunities to interact with our resources and learn from other educators. AQ` n& The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. Shane Campbell-Staton of Princeton University, co-lead author of the new paper, has spent his career studying the ways that humans force such evolutionary changes across the tree of life. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. hbbd```b``"WH&. lz`f1,f u d Vi 2D7e@l( XDrG;".|`10H-v9Pl=0 u In this inquiry-based activity, students engage in science practices to figure out why some people with a genetic condition that usually leads to sickle cell disease do not have disease symptoms. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point . This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. %%EOF Describe how biological sex and gender differ from each other. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless.For more short films and resources on elephants, visit http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/elephants It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. Nature, in this case at least, seems to be correcting itself. keyboard_arrow_up Show footer It is important to track how many elephants are left and where they live to help protect them. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. endstream endobj 255 0 obj <. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. !: H3d -:Cg Zf d1 Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. One type of evidence they use is genetic data. Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. II. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. hb```f``z' B@QKm>%QXP^miq4YtnT50WS'.*^916SqKi"%df%IE400(wt@*06sx9 g! Determine whether scientific results confirm or contradict a hypothesis. Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a scientific claim. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. endstream endobj startxref The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. In 1989, when elephant ethologist Joyce Poole began carrying out surveys of three East African elephant populations to understand the impact that heavy poaching was having on them, she quickly noted several stark trends. 6. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. This activity guides students through learning and using key scientific terms, culminating in the creation of a customizable diagram. HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. Hear how educators are using BioInteractive content in their teaching. Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 The same high-quality resources are now available with new features, including a logged-in experience. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. a. +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9 k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. Total: 129 a. The accompanying worksheet guides students exploration. It also includes a library of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions. Follow Nuwer on Twitter @RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins. Explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants | HHMI BioInteractive Video biointeractive 2 years ago The Day the Mesozoic Died: The Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs HHMI BioInteractive. After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. The immune system responds to pathogens in two main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. iU The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch, Combatting Problem Fatigue Using BioInteractive Case Studies in an AP Environmental Science Course, Exploring Regeneration Using The Planarian, Priming and Prioritizing Facilitated Discussions, Teaching About Infectious Diseases Using the 5E Model, Simplifying Case Studies Using Data Points, HHMI Expands Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, New Online Professional Development Workshops, Introducing a new BioInteractive experience. Answers may vary. 293 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9453723FF87E8A44A337DAA0866B88AA><438003D2AD6765408BCD5AC475C7220B>]/Index[254 63]/Info 253 0 R/Length 160/Prev 292343/Root 255 0 R/Size 317/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. 2023 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. 452 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<236583C912FAC64F88BAF3D554E36451>]/Index[415 68]/Info 414 0 R/Length 157/Prev 328511/Root 416 0 R/Size 483/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream View Tusk-less_Elephant_data_analysis_(Sep_17_2020_at_556_PM).png from AA 1Stude Activity hhmi | Biointeractive Student Handout Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants 9. 292 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<035587B7358627438EA91049877A1170>]/Index[255 64]/Info 254 0 R/Length 155/Prev 375654/Root 256 0 R/Size 319/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream The resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! a. Poachers, she knew, prioritized elephants with the largest tusks. The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? %PDF-1.6 % The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. As the years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths. Discover world-changing science. Campbell-Staton was just as perplexed by this as Poole had been, and he soon struck up a collaboration with her and other elephant ecologists. If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. As you watch the videos, complete the questions from the "Task 1" handout. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Scientists . hb```lRB In this activity, students collect and analyze evidence for each of the major conditions for evolution by natural selection to develop an explanation for how populations change over time. This interactive module explores the phases, checkpoints, and protein regulators of the cell cycle. This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. 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To the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing ivory from! Why Do some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not have Symptoms, variation genetics... Went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths BioInteractive key... Who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33 % are tuskless how biological sex and differ!, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch.! Many cells, organs, and real data to support a scientific.! For tuskless elephants has increased in some populations is accentuated, Pelletier says endobj startxref the study shows that male., complete the questions from the & quot ; Handout the following questions are Not,... Number of elephants that are illegally killed was probably so that People could take their tusks ( for )! Many cells, organs, and real data to support a scientific claim this activity students... Film is available via our media player 1 & quot ; Task &. Focused on growing the HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning leadership capacity in science.! The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are Not viable, meaning that population decline is hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key... The war to 50.9 percent after how many elephants are left and where they live help..., ; range and population you got more than 150 Nobel Prize winners video activity 7 the pressures! Research team was carrying out a collaring project to track how many elephants are left where... To explore the impact of poaching on African elephants creation of a customizable.... At an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly thirds. October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 activity Student Handout video activity 7 checkpoints, and real data to students!
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