Longfellow was born on February 27, 1807, to Stephen Longfellow and Zilpah (Wadsworth) Longfellow in Portland, Maine,[1] then a district of Massachusetts. Near Interlaken he met Nathan Appleton, a wealthy Boston merchant, and continued his journey with Appleton and Appletons charming and accomplished family. Scientists at Harvard have just published the most comprehensive scientific study to date on music as a cultural product, which supports the American poet's pronouncement and examines what features of song tend to be shared across . [30] During his years teaching at the college, he translated textbooks from French, Italian, and Spanish;[31] his first published book was a translation of the poetry of medieval Spanish poet Jorge Manrique in 1833. General Peleg Wadsworth, built the house in 1785-1786, and the last person to live there was Anne Longfellow Pierce, Henry's younger sister. [29], On August 27, 1829, he wrote to the president of Bowdoin that he was turning down the professorship because he considered the $600 salary "disproportionate to the duties required". The marriage was an exceptionally happy one for both partners and brought Longfellow the domestic stability he had missed. In many ways Longfellow may be read as a friend of American multiculturalism even if Hiawatha ultimately exocitizes Native peoples and their culture. Both seaside and fireside come together in The Fire of Drift-Wood, a mood piece employing imagery of light and warmth drawn from shipwreck as a metaphor for intuited estrangement among friends. The Tales of a Wayside Inn, modeled roughly on Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales and published in 1863, reveals his narrative gift. "[138] Twentieth-century poet Lewis Putnam Turco concluded that "Longfellow was minor and derivative in every way throughout his career nothing more than a hack imitator of the English Romantics. Partly because of his publishers zeal for promoting Longfellows poetry, books came in quick succession even at a point in his life when creative efforts flagged. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, (born February 27, 1807, Portland, Massachusetts [now in Maine], U.S.died March 24, 1882, Cambridge, Massachusetts), the most popular American poet in the 19th century, known for such works as The Song of Hiawatha (1855) and "Paul Revere's Ride" (1863). His father was a lawyer, and his maternal grandfather was Peleg Wadsworth, a general in the American Revolutionary War and a Member of Congress. was also enrolled. Like . thou art happy' 10. But when Henry was a senior at Bowdoin College at 19, the college established a chair of modern languages. Lines Inscribed upon a Cup Formed from a Skull 9. Longfellow intended the anthology "to bring together, into a compact and convenient form, as large an amount as possible of those English translations which are scattered through many volumes, and are not accessible to the general reader". Children across New England are familiar with the works of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, whose "Paul Revere's Ride" has been recited at many a grade school pageant. Hundreds of editions, translations, and imitations followed, and Evangeline won admiration in Europe (from which Longfellow drew some of his sources) as well as the United States. Fanny is also credited with directly inspiring two poems that emerged from their wedding trip The Arsenal at Springfield, the peace poem she requested, and The Old Clock on the Stairs; both poems appeared in The Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems (1845; copyright 1846). John and Priscilla Alden's love story was popularized by The Courtship of Miles Standish, a narrative poem published by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, John and Priscilla Alden's descendant, in 1858. Learn about the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and his biography, poems, and critical reception. [9] There Longfellow met Nathaniel Hawthorne who became his lifelong friend. [75] Longfellow had burned himself while trying to save her, badly enough that he was unable to attend her funeral. The next year Aftermath was published, with its moving title poem and the final collection of Tales of a Wayside Inn. The Masque of Pandora and Other Poems (1875) included Morituri Salutamus (We who Are about to Die Salute You, 1874), one of his few occasional poems. Members included Cornelius Conway Felton, George Stillman Hillard, and Charles Sumner; Sumner became Longfellow's closest friend over the next 30 years. Although sales of individual later volumes never matched the popularity of his mid-career offerings, Longfellow lived to experience recognition and rewards seldom enjoyed by other writers. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's "The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere" and Samuel Taylor Coleridge's "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" exemplify this form. -4 TALES OF A WAYSIDE INN. [16] In his senior year, Longfellow wrote to his father about his aspirations: I will not disguise it in the leastthe fact is, I most eagerly aspire after future eminence in literature, my whole soul burns most ardently after it, and every earthly thought centres in itI am almost confident in believing, that if I can ever rise in the world it must be by the exercise of my talents in the wide field of literature. Romance 3. When Longfellow graduated, the college gave him a chair in modern languages, and he worked with translations for the rest of his life. The independent-minded Fanny was not interested in marriage, but Longfellow was determined. He also wrote novels and translated Dante's "Divine Comedy" into English. His 1868-1869 final visit to Europe, on which he was attended by a large family party, turned into a triumphal progression framed by honorary degrees awarded by Cambridge and Oxford universities. All were the children of his second wife, Fanny. 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars. He graduated from Bowdoin College in 1825 . Longfellow attended a dame school at the age of three and was enrolled by age six at the private Portland Academy. Long after his death in 1882, however, these neglected later works were seen to contain some of his most effective writing. In 1872 Three Books of Song presented the second part of Tales of a Wayside Inn along with Judas Maccabeus and a group of translations. Both the poem and its singsong metre have been frequent objects of parody. At present, however, Longfellow has been relegated to the status of an historically interesting minor poet whose poems occupy only a few pages in recent anthologies and do so in ways that obscure the reasons for his original popularity. The famed poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow once penned the beautiful words, "Be still, sad heart! Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, a world renowned poet primarily known for his poem "The Courtship of Miles Standish," lived through many depressing situations. [99] Much of his poetry imparts cultural and moral values, particularly focused on life being more than material pursuits. Go forth to meet the shadowy Future, without fear, and with a manly heart. (L.M.) [136] Many of his works helped shape the American character and its legacy, particularly with the poem "Paul Revere's Ride". tags: poetry. He has been presented as a gentle, placid, poetic soul, an image perpetuated by his brother Samuel Longfellow who wrote an early biography which specifically emphasized these points. [10] He published his first poem in the Portland Gazette on November 17, 1820, a patriotic and historical four-stanza poem called "The Battle of Lovell's Pond". [85] Longfellow accepted an offer from Joshua Chamberlain to speak at his fiftieth reunion at Bowdoin College, despite his aversion to public speaking; he read the poem "Morituri Salutamus" so quietly that few could hear him. Test. Jimmie Durham(1) Jimmie Duraham is an American artist of Cherokee descent. Died on March 24, 1882 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [92] His published poetry shows great versatility, using anapestic and trochaic forms, blank verse, heroic couplets, ballads, and sonnets. It represented the medieval phase of Christianity and the virtue of faith (mixed, inevitably, with superstition) by dramatizing the story of a peasant girls willingness to die so that a prince might be healed of his illness. Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth , D.C.L. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote, "Music is the universal language of mankind.". [65] Their daughter Fanny was born on April 7, 1847, and Dr. Nathan Cooley Keep administered ether to the mother as the first obstetric anesthetic in the United States. Born on February 27, 1807 in Portland, Maine, USA , United States. "End of Evangeline, by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow." There should be 5 seconds silence at the end of the recording, or 10 seconds for files longer than 30 minutes. Mrs. James Bowdoin, for whose late husband the college had been named, contributed $1,000 to endow a professorship in modern languages (only the fourth in the United States), andon the strength of Longfellows translation of a Horace ode that had impressed one of his fathers colleagues among Bowdoin trusteescollege authorities offered the position to the young graduate at his 1825 commencement on the condition that he prepare for the post by visiting Europe and becoming accomplished in Romance languages. Again, he sought solace by flinging himself into his work. Sorrows beset them, however: from Copenhagen, Mary Goddard was summoned home by news of her fathers death; in Amsterdam the ailing Mary Potter Longfellow suffered a miscarriage in October 1835. [26] In Madrid, he spent time with Washington Irving and was particularly impressed by the author's work ethic. [59] The New England Anti-Slavery Association, however, was satisfied enough with the collection to reprint it for further distribution. - The witches speak in trochaic tetrameter; incomplete, unsettling, incantatory method of speaking. Henry,Edward Berens,Lyman Frank Baum,E.T.A. Longfellows achievements in fictional and nonfictional prose, in a striking variety of poetic forms and modes, and in translation from many European languages resulted in a remarkably productive and influential literary career. . 1385 likes. 25K. Hiawatha is an Ojibwa Indian who, after various mythic feats, becomes his peoples leader and marries Minnehaha before departing for the Isles of the Blessed. [132] A more modern critic said, "Who, except wretched schoolchildren, now reads Longfellow? [119] He was such an admired figure in the United States during his life that his 70th birthday in 1877 took on the air of a national holiday, with parades, speeches, and the reading of his poetry. Public speaking provided other outlets for Henrys artistic and rhetorical skills at Bowdoin: in his Junior Exhibition performance he anticipated The Song of Hiawatha (1855) by speaking as a North American Savage in a dialogue with an English settler, and his commencement address argued for redirection of national values in support of Our American Authors. In 1842 his Ballads and Other Poems, containing such favourites as The Wreck of the Hesperus and The Village Blacksmith, swept the nation. [21], Whatever the catalyst, Longfellow began his tour of Europe in May 1826 aboard the ship Cadmus. [143] He had difficulty coping with the death of his second wife. Longfellow attended private schools and the Portland Academy. Although the sonnet Mezzo Cammin, written toward the end of that stay in Germany, laments how Half of my life is gone, and I have let / The years slip from me and have not fulfilled / The aspiration of my youth, to build / Some tower of song, he was entering into a vigorously productive period of his career. Despite the frustrations Longfellow experienced in his new vocation, there was personal happiness. He was engaged in ambitious projects. It is thine. His continuing concerns about the place of poetry in American culture emerged, however, in his 1832 review essay on a new edition of Sir Philip Sidneys A Defence of Poetry, in which Longfellow argued that the true glory of a nation consists not in the extent of its territory, the pomp of its forests, the majesty of its rivers, the height of its mountains, and the beauty of its sky; but in the extent of its mental power,the majesty of its intellect,the height and depth and purity of its moral nature. In Germany, Longfellow settled down to relatively disciplined study in preparation for his Bowdoin professorship, though his readings there focused more on Spanish literature than German. He also left a loving family and grateful readers who have continued to honor him by erecting statues and naming parks and schools for him, Evangeline, and Hiawatha. [117] His popularity spread throughout Europe, as well, and his poetry was translated during his lifetime into Italian, French, German, and other languages. Wisely improve the Present. Other libraries with Longfellow materials include the Bowdoin College Library; the Massachusetts Historical Society; the Boston Public Library; the Pierpont Morgan Library; the Berg Collection, New York Public Library; the Library of Congress; the Clifton Wallen Barrett Library, University of Virginia; the Henry E. Huntington Library; the Parkman Dexter Howe Library, University of Florida; and the University of Washington Library. Chamber Music This page intentionally left blank CHAMBER MUSIC A Listener's Guide JAMES M. KELLER 1 2011 3 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. The Day Is Done (1844) speaks to the comforting quiet offered the weary reader by some humbler poet than the Miltonic and Dantean mastersa poet such as Longfellow found himself becoming by virtue of the kindly, sympathetic tone that characterized his popular poems. Their second-youngest daughter was Edith who married Richard Henry Dana III, son of Richard Henry Dana, Jr. who wrote Two Years Before the Mast. The family occupied the first brick house in Portland, built by the general and still maintained as a literary shrine to its most famous occupant. After falling in love with 17-year-old Frances Appleton, Longfellow returned to Heidelberg to escort Marys friend Clara Crowninshield home to the US. On the advice of George Ticknor of Harvard, Longfellow decided to add German to French, Spanish, and Italian. Flower-de-Luce, a small book of 12 short poems, came out in 1867 with its elegy for Hawthorne and sonnets on Dante. Its counsel to Act,act in the living Present! and its injunction to be up and doing, / With a heart for any fate gave poetic expression to the motto he had discovered in a German graveyard and translated in the epigraph to Hyperion, A Romance (1839) as Look not mournfully into the Past. Test. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (February 27, 1807 - March 24, 1882) was an American poet whose works include "Paul Revere's Ride", The Song of Hiawatha, and "Evangeline". Hyatt Waggoner observed the irony of Longfellows having been most appreciated in his own time for A Psalm of Life, noting that though it intends to mean that life is worth living after all, what it effectively does mean is that life must be worth living but the poet cant think why. Longfellows imitativeness differed significantly from that of many contemporaries, however, in that he early outgrew his tendency to echo Bryants style or that of English Romantic poets and turned instead to German Romanticism, which he virtually introduced into American poetry, and to traditions of European verse from many countries and eras. Now that he had discovered his voice and his audience as a poet, Longfellow achieved personal happiness as well. . Despite some criticism of the Virgilian dactylic hexameter meter with which Longfellow experimented in Evangeline, the poem proved enormously successful. After graduating from Bowdoin College, he traveled . The lady says she will not! C.S. When he died of phlebitis less than a month after his 75th birthday and only a few days after completing The Bells of San Blas, Longfellow left an estate worth 356,320 dollars to his children and grandchildren, with weekly book sales amounting to 1,000 copies. But what sticks in the mind, and stirs the heart, are those "sun-defying" depths, where we are too numb to feel . Cookouts, fireworks, and history lessons recounted in poems, articles, and audio. Page I T A L E S OF A WAYSIDE INN BY HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW. [47] The bulk of Voices of the Night was translations, but he included nine original poems and seven poems that he had written as a teenager. His original works include "Paul Revere's Ride", The Song of Hiawatha, and Evangeline.He was the first American to completely translate Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy and was one of the fireside poets from New England.. Longfellow was born in Portland, Maine, which was then still part of . Now that fiction and cinema have all but replaced poetry as storytelling media, the narrative poems that accounted in large measure for Longfellows appeal to his contemporary readers are represented in anthologies by only a few short examples, such as The Wreck of the Hesperus and Paul Reveres Ridepoems that make Longfellow seem more narrowly New England in his perspective than would The Saga of King Olaf or Hiawatha among his longer poems or The Skeleton in Armor or The Leap of Roushan Beg (1878) among the shorter ones. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882), grew up in the house and went on to become one of the most famous men of his time. BOSTON: TICKNOR AND FIELDS. Henry W. Longfellow, photographed by Mathew Brady, 1859. [93] Typically, he would carefully consider the subject of his poetic ideas for a long time before deciding on the right metrical form for it. A driving northwesterly storm succeeded, and before the sun was set every vestige of spring had vanished; the lake, the mountains, the village, and the fields being again hidden under one dazzling coat of snow. His works are still regularly anthologised after nearly a century and a half. Updates? [3] His mother was descended from Richard Warren, a passenger on the Mayflower. In his grief Longfellow moved on to Heidelberg and immersion in German literaturereadings in Goethe, Schiller, Ludwig Uhland, Jean Paul Richter, E.T.A. 8.8.8.8. Longfellow was born in Portland, Maine, which was then still part of Massachusetts. Analyze Longfellow's poetry and understand his . My morning and my evening star of love!" Still committed to the native writers of the United States, he wrote a July 1837 review in praise of Hawthornes Twice-Told Tales (1837) even as he turned his own ambitions back toward the writing of poetry. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow/Prini. [91], Much of Longfellow's work is categorized as lyric poetry, but he experimented with many forms, including hexameter and free verse. This was because the East India Company was near bankruptcy, had a huge surplus (17 million pounds) of Chinese tea that was getting old, and many members of Parliament were stockholders in the East India Company. According to Howells, Longfellows power derived from his courage in frankly trusting the personal as the universal along with his unaffectedness, the simplicity of his feelings, and the sincerity of his expression. We speak of a continuum because there are inter- mediate economies, combining horticultural and agricultural featuresmore intensive than annually shifting horticulture but less intensive than agricul- ture. 35 posts Previous; 1; 2; 3; libraryanne Posts: 7686 Joined: August 25th, 2008, 10:49 pm Location: New England. In 1831, he married Mary Potter, and they went on an extended tour of Europe. Longfellow published in 1872 what he intended to be his masterpiece, Christus: A Mystery, a trilogy dealing with Christianity from its beginning. The Song of Hiawatha is an 1855 epic poem in trochaic tetrameter by . While readily dismissing Edgar Allan Poes charges of plagiarism, they acknowledged that Longfellow lacked the originality evident in Whitman, Emerson, and even Poe. [80] The full three-volume translation was published in the spring of 1867, but Longfellow continued to revise it. Born on February 27 46. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. There were still poems drawn from Longfellows travels and his readings in European literatures, but the most celebrated poem of the book was among his most patriotic pieces. These virtues made him sovereign of more hearts than any other poet of his generation. James Russell Lowell also traced Longfellows honored status to personal virtues in demanding of the irascibly jealous Poe, Does it make a man worse that his characters such / As to make his friends love him (as you think) too much? [4] He was named after his mother's brother Henry Wadsworth, a Navy lieutenant who had died three years earlier at the Battle of Tripoli. A monument featuring a bas relief of Miles Standish, Sadalphon, the Village Blacksmith, the Spanish Student, Evangeline, and Hiawatha, characters from Longfellows works, was dedicated in October 1914. His last few years were spent translating the poetry of Michelangelo. The lovers, Evangeline and Gabriel, are reunited years later as Gabriel is dying. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Richard Henry Stoddard summed up Longfellows contribution in an 1881 essay, pointing out how Longfellow remained true to himself and to his scholarly impulses by creating and satisfying a taste for a literature which did not exist in this country until he began to write. In so doing, Longfellow had not only disseminated European stories, sensibilities, and versification but also enlarged our sympathies until they embrace other peoples than ours. Two decades later, Thomas Wentworth Higginson saluted his former professors contribution to American literature in enriching and refining it and giving it a cosmopolitan culture, and an unquestioned standing in the literary courts of the civilized world. He moved ahead to new dramatic poems, notably Judas Maccabeus in Three Books of Song (1872) and The Masque of Pandora (1875); Michael Angelo, his last major poem, appeared posthumously in 1883 in its unfinished condition. Although she proceeded with her husband and Clara Crowninshield to Rotterdam, Marys health declined over the next weeks and she died on November 29, leaving her widower stricken and disbelieving. When he was offered a professorship at Harvard, with another opportunity to go abroad, he accepted and set forth for Germany in 1835. [57], The small collection Poems on Slavery was published in 1842 as Longfellow's first public support of abolitionism. Longfellow himself recognized that most of his poems belonged to the imitative rather than the imaginative school of art that his spokesman Paul Flemming distinguished in Hyperion. Narrative poetry. Much of the charm of the poem lies in its evocation of place, from the pastoral Grand-Pr, where Benedict Bellefontaine, Evangelines father, dwelt on his goodly acres, through the bayous of Louisiana, where the Acadian blacksmith Basil Lajeunesse, Gabriels father, achieves new prosperity as a rancher, through the forests of French mission territory at the base of the Ozarks, where Evangeline ventures in seeking Gabriel, all the way to Philadelphia, where the aged heroine finds her lover dying in a hospital for plague victims and where they are buried together. Poems to integrate into your English Language Arts classroom. The world, he concluded with characteristic serenity, belongs to those who come the last, / They will find hope and strength as we have done.. He was awarded an honorary doctorate of laws from Harvard in 1859. from. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow , Voices of the Night. Most of his publications for the next few years involved textbooks for students of Spanish, French, and Italian. Henry began his schooling at age three, when he and his older brother, Stephen, enrolled in the first of several private schools in which they prepared for entrance to Bowdoin College. [42] Three years later, he was inspired to write the poem "Footsteps of Angels" about her. Priscillas rebuke to the man she chooses as her lover is surely the most familiar line of this dactylic hexameter poem, when she Said, in a tremulous voice, Why dont you speak for yourself, John? The book that supplemented this poem with a group of shorter works sold well (25,000 copies printed in the first two months following its publication) but elicited fewer reviews than Evangeline or Hiawatha. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). In turn, he received homage from practitioners of other arts: composers set many of his poems to music, and artists illustrated many of his scenes. [53] In July 1839, he wrote to a friend: "Victory hangs doubtful. He told her that it was not. [119] In the last two decades of his life, he often received requests for autographs from strangers, which he always sent. He achieved a level of national and international prominence previously unequaled in the literary history of the United States and is one of the few American writers honored in the Poets Corner of Westminster Abbeyin fact, he is believed to be the first as his bust was installed there in 1884. Example filename evangeline_##_longfellow.mp3; Example ID3 V2 tags Title: ## - [Part number] Artist: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Album: Evangeline "[64], He and Fanny had six children: Charles Appleton (18441893), Ernest Wadsworth (18451921), Fanny (18471848), Alice Mary (18501928), Edith (18531915), and Anne Allegra (18551934). The first poem, Paul Reveres Ride, became a national favourite. 1807-1882 Ranked #33 in the top 500 poets. "There are things of which I may not speak; There are dreams that cannot die; Family tree of Henry WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. [19] About 24 of them were published in the short-lived Boston periodical The United States Literary Gazette. His original works include "Paul Revere's Ride", The Song of Hiawatha, and Evangeline. [78] He expressed his grief in the sonnet "The Cross of Snow" (1879) which he wrote 18 years later to commemorate her death:[43], Longfellow spent several years translating Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy. [38] There, he further studied German as well as Dutch, Danish, Swedish, Finnish, and Icelandic. [51] Longfellow was well liked as a professor, but he disliked being "constantly a playmate for boys" rather than "stretching out and grappling with men's minds."[52]. The leading poet of the Victorian era, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882) contributed to the development of a distinctly American literature. PAPERS: The chief repository of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's papers and manuscripts is the Houghton Library, Harvard University. [61] They were soon married; Nathan Appleton bought the Craigie House as a wedding present, and Longfellow lived there for the rest of his life. Tributes of many kinds testified to public affectionvisits to Craigie House by prominent literary and political figures and even the emperor of Brazil, public tributes, and escalating requests for autographs. In the fall of 1822, 15-year-old Longfellow enrolled at Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine, along with his brother Stephen. [127] Poet Walt Whitman considered him an imitator of European forms, but he praised his ability to reach a popular audience as "the expressor of common themesof the little songs of the masses". There he began courting Appleton's daughter Frances "Fanny" Appleton. It was probably the most celebrated American poem of the century. [50] The Southern Literary Messenger immediately put Longfellow "among the first of our American poets". The same lesson might well have applied to the offspring of his imagination that he applied in A Shadow (1875) when wondering how his and Fannys children would fare in lives So full of beauty and so full of dread, however unpredictable. In 1884 he was honoured by the placing of a memorial bust in Poets Corner of Westminster Abbey in London, the first American to be so recognized. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: Poem Analysis. 4 In 1773, Parliament passed a law giving the English East India Company exclusive right to sell tea in America. Learn. [146] In 1884, Longfellow became the first non-British writer for whom a commemorative bust was placed in Poet's Corner of Westminster Abbey in London; he remains the only American poet represented with a bust. 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